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Drug Abuse Resistance Education (D.A.R.E.) is an international substance abuse prevention education program that seeks to prevent use of controlled drugs, membership in gangs, and violent behavior. It was founded in Los Angeles in 1983 as a joint initiative of ex-LAPD chief Daryl Gates and the Los Angeles Unified School District〔http://www.dare.com/home/about_dare.asp, the official website of the D.A.R.E. program.〕 as a demand-side drug control strategy of the American War on Drugs. Students who enter the program sign a pledge not to use drugs or join gangs and are informed by local police officers about the government's beliefs about the dangers of recreational drug use in an interactive in-school curriculum which lasts ten weeks. D.A.R.E. America's operating revenue has declined from $10 million in 2002 to $3.7 million in 2010 following the publication of government reports that challenged the effectiveness of the program. D.A.R.E implemented a new curriculum based on work by Penn State and Arizona State researchers. Its American headquarters is in Inglewood, California. DARE expanded to Great Britain in 1995. ==Organization== Instructors of the DARE curriculum are local police officers who must undergo 80 hours of special training in areas such as child development, classroom management, teaching techniques, and communication skills. For high school instructors, 40 hours of additional training are prescribed.〔 Police officers are invited by the local school districts to speak and work with students. Police officers are permitted to work in the classroom by the school district and do not need to be licensed teachers. There are programs for different age levels. Working with the classroom teachers, the officers lead students over a number of sessions on workbooks and interactive discussions. The DARE program involves children interacting with police officers or sheriffs in a classroom environment rather than in a criminal justice setting, such as when officers must intervene in domestic violence.〔(D.A.R.E is more than an anti-drug program ) dare.com. Ralph Lochridge. August 4, 2004. (Microsoft Word document)〕 The Surgeon General reports that positive effects have been demonstrated regarding attitudes towards the police.〔David Satcher, M.D., Ph.D., Surgeon General of the United States - (Youth Violence: A Report of the Surgeon General ) 2001., chapter five, Prevention and Intervention, box 5-2〕 The D.A.R.E program's use of police officers in schools alleviates some children's concerns about situations like school shootings and other threats of violence to children while at school.〔 In 2007, a new curriculum for prescription drug abuse and over-the-counter drug abuse was created by D.A.R.E. America. Other contributors included: law enforcement officials; PhRMA; Abbott Laboratories; the Consumer Healthcare and Products Association (CHPA); and a number of other organizations, including the ONDCP, the DEA, the FDA, the NIDA, the SAMHSA Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (SAMHSA/CSAT) and the Partnership for a Drug-Free America.〔(New School Curriculum Addresses Rx and OTC Drug Abuse ). PRNewswire-USNewswire. December 12, 2007〕 In 2009, D.A.R.E. adopted their implementation〔 of Penn State University's ''keepin' it REAL'' middle school curriculum, an evidence-based curriculum listed on the National Registry of Evidence-based Programs and Practices (NREPP). ''keepin' it REAL'' is now being implemented in the US and worldwide by D.A.R.E.〔(Penn State & D.A.R.E. Partner to Prevent Substance Use in Elementary Schools ) Penn State University Social Science Research, March 8, 2010〕 Keepin' it REAL has been developed since the late 90s at Arizona State University〔http://sirc.asu.edu/keepinitreal/kir-development〕 as well as at Penn State University. The program's mascot is a lion named Daren. In various cartoons and media productions, his voice is performed by Michael Glover. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Drug Abuse Resistance Education」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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